Cancer Types
Breast Cancer Treatment In Ludhiana, Punjab
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Breast Cancer Causes
Different risk factors can increase the chances of developing breast cancer in women.
Although the risk factors are known but the cause or factors which develop cancer cells are not known.
- The normal breast cells can become cancerous because of the DNA mutations. Although, some of them are inherited and most of the changes in the breast cells are acquired during the lifetime.
- The cells grow through proto-oncogenes. If the cells mutate then the growth of the cells will increase and they are not in control. On the other hand, some are known as oncogenes which mean uncontrolled cell growth and lead to cancer.
Common Symptoms
In most cases, breast cancer does not have early symptoms. The symptoms can be discovered on screening mammography. The most common sign is to have a mass or new lump in the breast. Additionally, some of the possible symptoms are mentioned below:
- Breast Asymmetry
- Breast skin changes
- Lymph node changes
- Inverting of the nipple.
- Puckering of breast skin
- Some parts of the breast are swollen.
- Puckering or Dimpling of the Breast Skin.
- Redness or bloody discharge (bloody discharge).
- Lump in the breast that is different from its surrounding area.
Breast Cancer Tests
Most breast-cancer tests are divided into 3 different categories:
- Screening tests
A screening test is given routinely to the patient who appears healthy but suspects they are having this problem. Their purpose is to find the problem at the early stage before the symptoms increase and the cancer is easier to treat.
- Diagnostic tests
Diagnostic tests are helpful when the person suspected to have the problem as they are experiencing the symptoms or the screening test have shown it. The tests help in knowing that the person has breast cancer and whether it is outside the breast. This way it also helps to give the Breast Cancer Treatment to the patient.
- Monitoring tests
Once the condition is diagnosed, different tests are used during and following treatment to monitor the patient’s condition. The test also helps in knowing the signs of occurrence.
According to your condition, the doctor will give you the treatment and it will determine the breast cancer surgery cost.
Breast Cancer Diagnosis
When you visit the Breast Cancer hospital routine screening or the symptoms help to diagnose the problem. Several tests for breast cancer diagnosis:
Breast exam
The doctor will check the breasts to check the symptoms and lumps. During the examination, the doctor will ask you to stand or sit with the arms in different positions like above the head or by the sides.
Imaging tests
Mammogram
This test is used in the initial stages of women’s breast cancer. The X-ray helps in showing the image which helps in detecting the abnormalities or lumps. According to the results, the doctor will do further testing.
Ultrasound
The scan helps in differentiating between a fluid-filled cyst and solid mass.
MRI
Magnetic Resonance Imaging combines images of the breast to identify cancer or other abnormalities. Some cases, with high risk, are recommended to get the MRI.
Biopsy
In breast cancer biopsy, the doctor will take a sample tissue and send it to the laboratory for further analysis. It helps in showing whether it is cancerous or not. The biopsy helps indicate which type of cancer has developed and whether it is hormone-sensitive or not.
Breast Cancer Stages
Breast cancer stages are from 0 to 5:
- Stage 0
Stage 0 is DCIS which means cancer cells confined to the ducts in the breast and not spread into nearby tissue.
- Stage 1
The cancer is around 2 centimeters wide or less but the lymph nodes are not affected.
- Stage 2
The cancer is smaller than 2 cm and it has spread to lymph nodes or it can be around 2 to 5 cm.
- Stage 3
The tumor spread to 4 to 9 lymph nodes and the primary tumor can be of any size. Cancer can spread near the internal mammary nodes or collarbone.
- Stage 4
At this stage, the tumor can be any size and cancer spread to distant organs.
The best dr for breast cancer will determine the stage and which treatment will be best to treat cancer.
Treatment for breast Cancer
Treatment option and Breast Cancer Treatment Cost will depend on different factors like stage & type of cancer, sensitivity to hormones, age, well-being, and individual preference.
Surgery
The surgery will depend on the diagnosis and personal preference. Some of the types are:
- Mastectomy
In this surgery, the ducts, lobules, nipples, areola, and fatty tissues along with skin are removed. In some cases, the lymph nodes and chest wall muscles are removed.
- Lumpectomy
It helps in removing the tumor and healthy tissues are very small. This option helps prevent cancer from spreading.
- Reconstruction
After a mastectomy, the surgery will reconstruct the breast to make it look natural. This helps the person to deal with the psychological aspect of breast removal.
Radiation therapy
After surgery, radiation therapy can be done. The radiation helps target the tumor cells with controlled doses of radiation.
Chemotherapy
If the patient is at high risk then chemotherapy helps in killing the cancer cells. When it is done after surgery it is known as adjuvant chemotherapy. In some cases, before surgery, it is done to shrink the tumor and make the removal effective. This is known as neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Hormone blocking therapy
Hormone blocking therapy is effective to prevent the hormone-sensitive breast cancer from coming back. After the surgery, the person may need to get it every 5 to 10 years. This treatment can affect fertility
